The Teachings Of The Buddha - 1263 Words

You never know. Siddhartha Gautama, or simply the Buddha, a wise being whose teachings attributed to him were passed down for thousands of years, was born in Lumbini, Nepal in the 6th century BC. Gautama is the founder of Buddhism, and is thought to have lived and taught the religion and philosophical ways that produced a great culture throughout much of southern and eastern Asia between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE. Buddha, meaning â€Å"the awakened one† or â€Å"the enlightened one†, is a title, not a proper name and signifies the first awakened being in an era. Many people say that this ideology goes against any other major belief, like Christianity, since Buddhism does not look toward a divine figure, but instead looks toward a place, a†¦show more content†¦It teaches the individual to strive for a greater state of consciousness called Nirvana; it creates a constant goal of reaching self-enlightenment. Nirvana simply means total and complete peace. This state of mi nd brings a sense universal peace, without the aggression and hatred. The Buddhism religion strives for total peace and harmony for ones self and all living creatures. When Buddhists study the Bible and what is said about the Christian Lord, they are confused, since they do not pray or acknowledge God the way Christians do, this in itself is a concept that Buddhists cannot conceive. While Buddhism rejects the Christian concept of God because it cannot be proven and therefore is viewed as insignificant, they also reject it because it seems much more inferior to their own ideal. To add, Buddhists shun the Christian God because of the fact that the Bible is incorrect in its passages, as God cannot be perfect. With the many dimensions that carry a profound difference in these, each is a complex religion. The furthermost distinction between Buddhists and Christians are that Christians believe that man lives in a world of conflict, with only one solution, to better man in order for his su rroundings to change. The Buddhist affirmation is to the contrary, that our perception is distorted and life in the world should be accepted as is. â€Å"The first teaching ever given by the Buddha was to five student monks in a deer park. The Buddha spoke of the Four Noble

Living with Congestive Heart Disease - 804 Words

According to Center for Disease Control, one in nine people die from Congestive Heart Disease. Patients who have been diagnosed with Congestive Heart Disease are more likely to have one of these other disorders; Diabetes, Hypertension, or Coronary Artery Disease. Patient who have hypertension are at an increased risk for developing congestive heart failure during their lifetime. This is because it puts more workload on the heart than is needed. My patient has been diagnosed with Congestive Heart Disease with a secondary diagnosis of hypertension (Center for disease control and prevention, 2013). The body needs a certain amount of cardiac output to maintain its basic functions. In congestive heart failure the body needs more output than the heart can put out. To make up for the lack of cardiac output, the heart sends all of its output to the essential organs such as the brain and lungs. It neglects to send as much blood to the extremities. This is why in congestive heart failure pate nts, edema is usually present. Fatigue results from the heart having to work extra hard to send blood to only a few essential organs. This is why fatigue is considered the first symptom of congestive heart failure. Congestive Heart Disease can happen on either side of the heart, or it can effect both sides. When the heart cannot keep up with what the body needs capillary pressure increases. When this capillary pressure increases it causes sodium to build up, and the body does not excrete theShow MoreRelatedCongestive Heart Failure1590 Words   |  7 PagesCongestive Heart Failure Toni Belsito Brookdale Community College HESC 105 Medical Terminology Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart hailure, also known as CHF or heart failure, affects the lives of 5 million Americans each year with 550,000 new cases diagnosed yearly. (Emory healthcare, 2013) CHF is a medical condition in which the heart has become weak and cannot pump enough blood to meet the need for oxygen rich blood required by the vital organs of the body, less blood is pumpedRead MoreChf Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesCongestive Heart Failure Introduction Everyone loses pumping ability in their heart as they age. The serious case of heart failure develops when other health conditions cause the heart to work harder or become damaged due to increased stress. Heart failure is usually a chronic disease. It gradually tends to become worse. By the time someone is diagnosed with it, the heart has most likely begun to lose pumping capacity for quits some time. Nearly five million Americans are living with heartRead MoreLiving With Congestive Heart Failure901 Words   |  4 PagesLiving With Congestive Heart Failure Nutrition and Lifestyle Recommendations Learning Objectives ïÆ' ¼ Understanding congestive heart failure, the symptoms and risk factors ïÆ' ¼ Food and nutrition recommendations for the patients ïÆ' ¼ Changing or improving lifestyle ïÆ' ¼ Getting the right support ïÆ' ¼ Live with Congestive Heart Failure ïÆ' ¼ Questions and answers session ïÆ' ¼ Fun uiz What is Heart Failure? ïÆ'Ëœ Is the condition where the heart is not pumping the right amount of blood to the rest of the body as it should beRead MoreCongestive Heart Failure1589 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Congestive Heart Failure Congestive Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the rest of the body (Department of Health Human Services, 2012). The failure can occur in on either side of the heart. In left-side heart failure, fluid backs up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath, due to the fact that the blood entering the left side of the heart comes from the pulmonary artery, and when the left ventricle cannot pump fluid out of theRead MoreCardiovascular System Of The Human Body967 Words   |  4 PagesThe heart is one of the most important vital organs to sustain life in the human body. The heart is a muscle pumping organ that generates two different types of circulatory loops within the human body. These include the Pulmonary Circulation and the Systemic Circulation. The Pulmonary arteries brings blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where then the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The pumping chamber s that support the pulmonary circulation are theRead MoreBeing Black And Living With A Heart With Problems1460 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2013 Being Black and Living with a Heart with Problems According to the National Institution of Health News, as many as 1 in 100 black men and women develop heart failure before the age of 50, 20 times the rate in whites in this age group, heart failure developed in black participants at an average age of 39, often preceded by risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic kidney 10 to 20 years earlier. Black mean that most likely developed heart failure were either obese orRead Morecongestive heart failure2121 Words   |  9 Pages Congestive Heart Failure Olasumbo Dada Liberty University Abstract The prevalence of congestive heart failure is on the increase both in the United States and all over the world, and it is the leading cause of hospitalization in the elderly population. Congestive heart failure is a progressive disease generally seen in the elderly, which if not properly managed, can lead to repeated hospital admissions or death. Heart failure means that the heart muscle is weakened. A weakened heart muscleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Aspirin878 Words   |  4 PagesIf you ve been diagnosed with heart disease, the chances are you ve been told to take low-dose aspirin every day as a preventative measure against heart attack and stroke. It s most commonly prescribed for patients with congestive heart failure. This is the inability of your heart to pump as much blood as your body needs. And this is a big worry to me, because there is very little evidence that aspirin helps. In fact, regular use of aspirin -- even baby aspirin -- can do you more harm than goodRead MoreCongestive Failure Of Congestive Heart Failure1832 Words   |  8 Pages What is congestive heart failure? Congestive heart failure which is simply referred to as heart failure is a chronic progressive disease that affects the heart s ability to pump blood effectively. Specifically, it means the heart is weakened to the point that it is not able to contract and circulate blood adequately. This weakened pump creates a backup of circulation and gives rise to a host of symptoms and debilitating conditions. The word â€Å"congestive† heart failure derives its meaning fromRead MoreEssay about Congestive Heart Failure Case Study2095 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Congestive Heart Failure – Case Study Pathophysiology – BSRN – 420 Instructors: October 10, 2010 Report on Congestive Heart Failure The heart is a muscle, the most important one in the body. It works like a pump; it receives blood from the body and pumps the blood into the lungs, where it receives oxygen. This oxygen rich blood is then pumped out in to the body system to nourish the body. Congestive heart failure occurs when this pumping

Essay on Government Spending Free Essays

Fall 12 Fall 12 Brigham Young University Brigham Young University 08 Fall 08 Fall Essay #3 Nguyen Bui A HTG 100, # 103 Essay #3 Nguyen Bui A HTG 100, # 103 People should be treated indifferently regardless of their wealth and social standings. Yet, in reality, societies have experienced economical inequalities due to pay scales, tax brackets, and education level. A research study on 23 developed countries and 50 states of the US has shown that countries with higher degree of inequality tend to have higher rates of health, social problems and lower rates of social welfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Government Spending or any similar topic only for you Order Now To resolve such inequality, the U. S government has consistently intervened by alleviating poverty and redistributing income in different forms of transfer payments such as welfare, Medicare, Social Security and employer-provided health insurance. Despite the good intentions, these programs, which involved large spending, haven’t been entirely effective in helping the poor. Therefore, even though the poor might suffer from an extensive economic inequality, the government cannot intervene by levying these transfer payments to focus on the equal outcome rather than personal freedom. Many studies have shown that transfer payments didn’t help to redistribute income. According to Dwight R. Lee, only 25% of $500 billion spent yearly on public assistance and social insurance programs were distributed through Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security, etc and 75% were allocated regardless of need. This suggests that a large portion of financial aid from the government went to those who were not in need. These programs were therefore proven ineffective since their means were to help the poor but the poor didn’t actually receive the exact benefits the taxpayers gave up. One of the reasons was that these transfer payments’ policy wasn’t specific enough, so their main purpose of feeding only the poor hasn’t been accomplished. In addition, when taxpayers were taken money away to help the poor, their personal freedom was constrained because they couldn’t do whatever they want on their earnings completely, even in helping the poor themselves. More importantly, many poor people receive no more than the average income people and the transfers they get are worth less to them. Out of the 25% payment transferred that were means-tested, only about 30% was in cash and the remaining 70% came in the form of in-kind transfers such as food stamps, housing, and medical care. These in-kind transfers are less preferable to the poor as cash provides more spending flexibility. For every dollar the government spends, only 25 cents are transferred to the poor. Out of those 25 cents, only 75% or 19 cents is the actual cash the poor can receive and use for whatever they need. Even though the poor still receive a cash portion through these transfer payments, the cash amount is not enough to satisfy their daily need. Those programs don’t help the poor as much as expected and as a result, the poor are still poor and the income inequality still remains unresolved. Also, it is disappointing to taxpayers because they can no longer use their own money to help the poor, and the money they give up doesn’t maximize the poor’s utility either. Some of the basic supporting arguments for transfer programs are that they help to reduce income inequality and social stratification. Particularly, the mathematical function explains this argument: W= min (Y1, Y2, †¦, Yn). This function states that society’s utility (W) is dependent on the least of individual utility, which is the poorest in terms of income. Thus, the poor have to be prioritized when income is distributed until all are equal. This is totally reasonable since a society would be fair only if the bottom individuals were also well taken care of. The advocates of these transfer payments also argue that transfer payments even though can’t help to redistribute income equally, at least they help the poor become better and thus, social welfare would increase as a whole. However, they probably never pay attention to the result. They probably haven’t asked themselves this question: is the money actually transferred from the rich to the poor? Many studies have shown a striking fact that most government transfers are not from the rich to the poor. Instead, government takes from the relatively unorganized parties, like tax payers and consumers, and gives to elderly, sugar farmers, and steel producers, considered as the relatively organized parties. As mentioned above, only 25% of all the money spent yearly on public assistance and social insurance programs were distributed through Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security, and 75% were allocated regardless of need. People tend to believe that whatever tax amount they pay, either federal or state or social security tax, the money would be fully transferred to the poor. But they have failed to recognize whether the transfer payments go to the poor or people who don’t need it. They end up losing their spending flexibility to only help the poor a little. Would people still see the necessity of these programs if they realize that the poor don’t get as much as they really need? Overall, the redistribution of income is important because inequality can only cause complex issues for society as a whole. But the most effective way of income redistribution remains controversial. While most people believe transfer programs are helpful because they help to balance income between the rich and the poor, I believe this is not an ultimate solution for such a long-standing issue. The statistics are self-explanatory; these programs didn’t result in a good outcome for the poor and the poor were still unsatisfied after all. It’s the time for us to make changes, whether to alternate these programs or totally get rid of them so that taxpayers no longer have to pay a large sum of money to help only a little to those in need. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better [ 2 ]. Dwight R. Lee, Redistribution of Income How to cite Essay on Government Spending, Essay examples

Project Management and Culture Innovation

Question: Discuss bout the Project Management and Culture Innovation. Answer: Introduction: A project is whole work of developing a new product or service. In order to get succeeded in a project, the project managers need to manage all the activities and the team members of the project. After the post development analysis of many projects, it has been found that the projects have exceeded that the planned time and costs that was preplanned. Behind of the success and failures of the projects, the organizational culture and project culture play a vital role. The success factors of a project are associated with the project culture, organizational culture and the culture of the team members of the project. The attitudes of the managers towards the cultural management is very important in the area of a project management. In the era of globalization, the cross cultural management has gained a high level of importance to complete international projects. In this paper, the concepts of project culture and organizational culture have been analyzed in details at the beginning. Different types of factors associated with the project culture management in general have been discussed with the help of previous literature available in this area. The importance of project culture management in the international projects and different types of challenges faced in this area have been reviewed and analyzed in this paper. What are the important components of project culture and what are the possible ways to minimize the challenges regarding the project culture management? Project Culture: Project culture is a very important and influential factor for getting success in project implementation in organizations. It is actually a part of the overall organizational culture defined by the general attitude to the project within the business. Maximum projects do not implemented in separate environments. The project development activities should be operated in a business environment in a collaborative way. The project culture has great impacts on the strategic planning, management, implementation and all other necessary activities of the project. According to Yazici and Hulya Julie, the project culture determines the way of interacting and supporting each other in a project development phase for achieving the corporate goal of the project. In this context, Larson et al. mentioned that commitment of the employees towards the achievement of the project goals are influenced by the overall culture of the organization and the project. This also has significant level of influence on the whole planning process of the project and the estimation of the required resources for the project. After concluding all the viewpoints of the researchers in this topic, it can be said that the overall management and evaluation of the projects by the project managers is highly affected by the project and organizational culture. As per Henrie et al., co-operative culture is the most wanted one for supporting each other in a project development team. The interface between the project managers and the line managers should be efficient enough for getting the desired level of success in a project development. In a co-operative culture of project development, both the line managers and the project managers are responsible for establishing a good culture for the project development and to built high level of trust among the employees. Schwalbe and Kathy mentioned another important aspect of the project culture, which are the organizational tools and principles. The project management methodology must be aligned with these. Organizational Culture: Organizational culture is one of the most responsible attributes of the working environment and the prime force for driving a business of an organization. It is associated with the method of realizing the tasks, setting the goals of business activities and guiding the people for achieving the objectives of the business of the organization. The organizational culture affects the decision making approach, thinking and feeling of the employees regarding the workplace activities. The project culture is the part of the organizational culture. Crawford and Kent mentioned that culture is rooted in the people and affects their behaviour. In the workplace of an organization, the overall organizational culture get influenced by the individual culture of the employees. The culture is formed by a set of values such as beliefs, values, norms, thinking methods, way of understanding, attitudes and tradition of the people. In the area of project management, the organizational culture influence the way of selecting people for the managing the projects, the way of thinking and setting the objectives of the project work and the methodology chosen for completing the project. According to Mir et al., the way of getting succeeded in the organizational business activities the individual culture of the employees should be respected. However, the employees need to work within a unique organizations developed in an efficient way by managing all the factors related to the peoples individual cultures. Cultural Differences in Project Teams: In most of the cases, it can be found that people with different cultural backgrounds are working in a same project. In this type of case, managing the cultural differences in the project teams is a vital job of the project managers. They are needed to clarify the cultural differences also for facilitating their understanding for enhancing the team performance of the project. Discussion of the extremes of cultures and stereotypes may be helpful for understanding these cultures. The different aspect of the cultural difference management in the project teams are described in the section given below: Power Distance: This attribute describes the degree to which the members of the organization with less power can be accept and expect that the power has been distributed unequally within the organization. The fundamental problem faced in this context is the degree of inequality of the human, which underlies the functions of each of the particular society. The attitudes and values are mostly found at the time of contrasting low-PDI countries with high-PDI countries at the national level. This is mostly found in case of international projects. Uncertainty Avoidance: This refers to the degree of cultural fact that the members are comfortable or uncomfortable in unknown, novel, surprising or unstructured situations regarding the project management settings. It is also associated with the degree to which the society tries to control the situations. Individualism and Collectivism: This factor refers to the extent to which individuals are expected to look after themselves for remaining integrated into groups. Individualism refres to the tendency of looking after only about themselves and the collectivism refers to the tendency of looking after the whole group. Generally, the project management activities are group works, where great level of support from the team members is required. In order to get the desired level of success in the project development work, the collectivism is required among the team members. Convergers and Divergers: These two attributes of culture are different in many aspects. According to (), convergers are mostly try to work in the manageable framework and with well-defined problems. They tend to find out one best solution for the workplace problems. In the area of problem solving they try to use the general ideas. The problems and objectives of the activities are non-specific, but convergers try to use the specific solutions. They are good at using the conventional methods for concluding one best solution for the workplace problems. The way of thinking of these people are more analytical and focused on the information gathering for identifying the well known factors of the problems and scope of applying a known set of techniques to solve those. They focus on some specific parts of the problem rather than thinking about the whole picture of the problem. They are able to manipulating the abstract solutions for the different types of problems. Basically they give the focus on the pattern of pro blems and try to solve the similar types of problematic situations at their workplace. On the other hand, the divergers have the ability of working on unstructured and vague problems. They try to find to best possible solution from a set of alternative solutions. They try to understand the root of the problematic situations and develop several alternative solutions for solving one specific problem. According to Hill and Gerard, the divergers are more creative and their substantiality is also better regarding the problem solving techniques. The thinking method of these people are more synthetic and use the combination of several process of problem solving method. They used to try open ended tests for solving the difficult problems. Liu et al. also mentioned the creativity of the divergers as they are able to develop and use several ways of problem solving for one problem. The divergers are associated with continuous learning as they work regarding different types of new problems in the area of the workplace problem solving. In the practical field of the project management, the employees need to face different steps of problems. The problems cannot be expected before the occurrence at the practical field. In this context, the project managers need to understand the convergers and divergers at the project development team. They need to assign the members according to the types of the problems for solving. Divergers are able to solve the difficult and unknown problems by applying their ability of critical thinking. If the problems are well defined and follow a similar pattern, then the convergers are able to solve the problems within short time period. Cultural Management of International Projects: Shields et al. have distinguished between the cultural pattern at three different levels. The levels are organizational, professional and national level. In the context of globalization, the cultural aspects expand over the national boundaries. When the project management works are associated with different organizations and people with different types of nationalities, then the cultural aspects like the PDI, individualism and collectivism affect the sustainability of the projects. The concept of the convergers and divergers also has some crucial impact over the project management at the international level. As an example of this fact, have argued that American and Europeans have different types of thinking ways. The method of thinking of the Americans can be considered as the convergers and the thinking way of the Europeans as divergers. As discussed in the earlier section of the paper, both the divergers and convergers are used in the project management. However, it is quite diffic ult to manage the project culture in the international projects. The international project management works consist of team members with different national culture. According to Anantatmula, Vittal, and Parviz Rad, the important factors of the international project culture are: cultural awareness or knowledge of the project management professionals and empirical research on the culture of the project management professionals. Jeston, John, and Johan Nelis have said regarding the outsourcing of the IT projects. The outsourcing of the these projects is highly associated relevance of culture and underlying factors that are associated with the general project management context. Training and Motivation of Multi-Cultural Project Teams: According to Baa, Amndio, and Jos Marques, one of the primary causes of misunderstanding in between the members of the project team is essentially the differences in cultural and social practices that exist between them. On the other hand, Carvalho et al. has commented that such misunderstandings tend to reach the peak, often affecting the progress of the project in consideration, when employees belonging to non western cultures are made to work with those who belong to the western society. Researcher Gido, Jack, and James seconds the ideas expressed by the authors mentioned above. In his scholarly article, the author describes a situation that he experienced in China. The author speaks: it was difficult to get participants to answer to questions in class. Although the scenario appeared to be quite strange to those belonging to the western society, the Chinese are used to with the policy of prioritizing groups way above individuals and thus do not express their interests in such activities that might highlight an individual over the others. The author has also pointed out the strategy that can be effectively utilized in such circumstances: any project activity, instead of being assigned to an individual, should be assigned to an entire group. On the other hand, researchers Hill and Gerard point out the fact that in the regions that lie Sub-Saharan Africa, the extended family is considered as one of the essential parts of the work culture. However, the researchers have also pointed out the fact that although the influence of this very concept is not much beneficial to organizations that conduct business in this region, yet all training facilities made available to the workers are developed while considering this factor. Thus, it can be said that the motivation and training facilities are available to the members of multi cultural project teams require to consider the cultural traits of the team members. Challenges in International Project Management: This section of the essay would highlight those challenges that are experienced by managers in charge of international projects. The task of developing an unified team is the first and foremost challenge that the higher management of an international project experiences. The authors are of the opinion that the most challenging issue lies in the process of making the dispersed team work together in spite of the differences in geographical locations and time domains. Besides, making the team members support each other in troubled situations (all the while working from remote locations and not pointing fingers at each other) before difficult when the team members are practically unknown to each other. On the other hand, researches () consider the maintenance of effective communication processes as one of the most commonly indentified issues associated with international projects. The researchers are of the opinion that maintaining efficient and fast communication processes in between the members of an international project becomes difficult due to the very fact that the members of the team besides being located in distant locations, also speak in different locations. Language is indeed one of the strongest barrier to the process of effective communication in between the members of a dispersed project team, but it is definitely not the single one. Along with language, the differences in the cultural practices of the team members affect the communication process to a considerable extent. Researchers Kerzner, and Harold point out that the working hours of professionals operating in the non western countries are significantly longer than that of those who work in the European nations or in the US. Thus, effective communication and collaborative work procedures are indeed affected significantly due to the differences in the working culture that exist in between the said regions. On the other hand, researchers Binder and Jean have commented that even in cases in which the above mentioned cases can be avoided, there exists one particular challenge that is near about impossible to overcome. The authors say that members of dispersed international project teams indeed experience huge differences in time domains, thus making the task of making arrangements for team meetings significantly difficult. According to Henrie, Morgan and Andres, the primary difference that lies in between members of an international and dispersed project is that of the differences in culture existing at the various locations at which they are based. The authors have also commented that in spite of being the most important factor that leads to other differences, much effort has yet not been noticed in avoiding the same. Conclusion: Project culture is one of the most important factors that affect the development and management of various types of projects. As per the analysis of many researchers it can be said that the project culture is an integrated part of the overall organizational culture of the organization. The individual culture and attitudes of the members of a project development team are the important parts of the project management activities. Different factors of the project culture are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, convergence, divergence, individualism and collectivism. The project managers should manage these cultural factors properly for fulfilling the project objectives. As per the analysis of this report, it can be concluded that the project culture management in the international project is very difficult as there exist project team members from various national cultural background. It has been also found that the culture and behavior of the project team members is highly associated with the nationality. Because of these issue, same type of project management methodology cannot be applied in a different project with national difference without checking the compatibility of the culture of the nations. This is basically associated with the convergence and divergence tendency of the project team members of different nations. In this area, he project managers have the high level of responsibility regarding the selection of the members for solving the different types of workplace problems with their ability of critical thinking. References: Ajmal, Mian M., and Kaj U. Koskinen. Knowledge transfer in projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based organizations: an organizational culture perspective.Project Management Journal39, no. 1 2008: 7-15. Anantatmula, Vittal, and Parviz Rad. Linkages among project management maturity, PMO, and project success. InEngineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) IEEE International Technology Management Conference, 2013 International Conference on, pp. 1-12. IEEE, 2013. Atkinson, Roger, Lynn Crawford, and Stephen Ward. Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management24, no. 8 2016: 687-698. Baa, Amndio, and Jos Marques. The Influence of Culture on Project Management-Case Study: Brica Portugal.International Journal of Arts Sciences7, no. 6, 2014: 705. Binder, Jean.Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. CRC Press, 2016. Carvalho, Marly Monteiro, Leandro Alves Patah, and Digenes de Souza Bido. Project management and its effects on project success: Cross-country and cross-industry comparisons.International Journal of Project Management33, no. 7, 2015: 1509-1522. Crawford, J. Kent.Project management maturity model. CRC Press, 2014. Gido, Jack, and James P. Clements.Successful project management. Nelson Education, 2014. Henrie, Morgan E., and Andres Sousa-Posa. Project management: a cultural literary review. Project Management Institute, 2015. Hill, Gerard M.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press, 2013. Jeston, John, and Johan Nelis.Business process management. Routledge, 2014. Kerzner, Harold R.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Larson, Erik W., and Clifford F. Gray. Project management: The managerial process. 2012. Liu, Junying, Fanye Meng, and Richard Fellows. An exploratory study of understanding project risk management from the perspective of national culture.International Journal of Project Management33, no. 3, 2015: 564-575. Mir, Farzana Asad, and Ashly H. Pinnington. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management32, no. 2, 2014: 202-217. Morris, Peter WG.Reconstructing project management. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Pemsel, Sofia, and Anna Wiewiora. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management31, no. 1, 2013: 31-42. Pinto, Jeffrey K.Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2012. Schwalbe, Kathy.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning, 2015. Shields, Patricia M., and Nandhini Rangarajan.A playbook for research methods: Integrating conceptual frameworks and project management. New Forums Press, 2013. Unger, Barbara N., Johannes Rank, and Hans Georg Gemnden. Corporate innovation culture and dimensions of project portfolio success: The moderating role of national culture.Project Management Journal45, no. 6. 2014: 38-57. Wiewiora, Anna, Glen Murphy, Bambang Trigunarsyah, and Kerry Brown. Interactions Between Organizational Culture, Trustworthiness, and Mechanisms for Interà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Project Knowledge Sharing.Project Management Journal45, no. 2, 2014: 48-65. Yazici, Hulya Julie. The role of project management maturity and organizational culture in perceived performance.Project Management Journal40, no. 3 2012: 14-33. Young, Trevor L.Successful project management. Vol. 52. Kogan Page Publishers, 2013.